Direct numerical simulation of evaporation and condensation with the geometric VOF method and a sharp-interface phase-change model

The paper describes a coupling of the geometric Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method with sharp-interface phase-change model for Cartesian and axisymmetric grids. Both interfacial position temperature field are resolved subgrid accuracy. Species transport implicit diffusion is considered in gas phase. numerical implementation developed here described detail, as well its incompressible Navier-Stokes solver PSI-BOIL, which features hybrid, finite-volume/finite-difference approach based on fixed, rectangular grid. Several verification cases have been undertaken to ensure correct code evaluate performance. These include simulations Stefan problem, sucking problem bubble growth superheated liquid. In all cases, very good agreement analytical solution has reached grid convergence demonstrated. Simulations evaporating condensing rising bubbles, high-quality measured data available, also presented serve validation tests. Reasonable simulation results experimental recorded applicability problems without inherent symmetry featuring turbulence shown. This work represents first successful application VOF coupled species non-trivial problems. achieved performance our algorithm exercise an important step development multiphase codes capable accurately resolving complex three-dimensional flows.